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Asynchronous Lint Engine
ALE (Asynchronous Lint Engine) is a plugin for providing linting in NeoVim and Vim 8 while you edit your text files.
ALE makes use of NeoVim and Vim 8 job control functions and timers to run linters on the contents of text buffers and return errors as text is changed in Vim. This allows for displaying warnings and errors in files being edited in Vim before files have been saved back to a filesystem.
In other words, this plugin allows you to lint while you type.
In addition to linting support, ALE offers some support for fixing code with
formatting tools, and completion via Language Server Protocol servers, or
servers with similar enough protocols, like tsserver
.
Table of Contents
- Supported Languages and Tools
- Usage
- Installation
- Contributing
- FAQ
- How do I disable particular linters?
- How can I keep the sign gutter open?
- How can I change the signs ALE uses?
- How can I show errors or warnings in my statusline?
- How can I change the format for echo messages?
- How can I execute some code when ALE stops linting?
- How can I navigate between errors quickly?
- How can I run linters only when I save files?
- How can I use the quickfix list instead of the loclist?
- How can I check JSX files with both stylelint and eslint?
- Will this plugin eat all of my laptop battery power?
1. Supported Languages and Tools
This plugin supports the following languages and tools. All available tools will be run in combination, so they can be complementary.
Notes:
- ^ No linters for text or Vim help filetypes are enabled by default.
- !! These linters check only files on disk. See
:help ale-lint-file-linters
Language | Tools |
---|---|
ASM | gcc |
Ansible | ansible-lint |
AsciiDoc | proselint |
Awk | gawk |
Bash | shell -n flag, shellcheck |
Bourne Shell | shell -n flag, shellcheck |
C | cppcheck, cpplint, gcc, clang, clangtidy !!, clang-format |
C++ (filetype cpp) | clang, clangcheck !!, clangtidy !!, cppcheck, cpplint !!, gcc, clang-format |
CUDA | nvcc |
C# | mcs see:help ale-cs-mcs for details, mcsc !! see:help ale-cs-mcsc for details and configuration |
Chef | foodcritic |
CMake | cmakelint |
CoffeeScript | coffee, coffeelint |
Crystal | crystal !! |
CSS | csslint, stylelint, prettier |
Cython (pyrex filetype) | cython |
D | dmd |
Dart | dartanalyzer |
Dockerfile | hadolint |
Elixir | credo, dogma !! |
Elm | elm-format, elm-make |
Erb | erb, erubis |
Erlang | erlc, SyntaxErl |
Fortran | gcc |
FusionScript | fusion-lint |
GLSL | glslang |
Go | gofmt, go vet, golint, gometalinter !!, go build !!, gosimple, staticcheck |
GraphQL | gqlint |
Haml | haml-lint |
Handlebars | ember-template-lint |
Haskell | ghc, stack-ghc, stack-build !!, ghc-mod, stack-ghc-mod, hlint, hdevtools |
HTML | HTMLHint, proselint, tidy |
Idris | idris |
Java | checkstyle, javac |
JavaScript | eslint, jscs, jshint, flow, prettier, prettier-eslint >= 4.2.0, prettier-standard, standard, xo |
JSON | jsonlint, prettier |
Kotlin | kotlinc !!, ktlint !! see :help ale-integration-kotlin for configuration instructions |
LaTeX | chktex, lacheck, proselint |
LLVM | llc |
Lua | luacheck |
Markdown | mdl, proselint, vale |
MATLAB | mlint |
Nim | nim check !! |
nix | nix-instantiate |
nroff | proselint |
Objective-C | clang |
Objective-C++ | clang |
OCaml | merlin see :help ale-ocaml-merlin for configuration instructions |
Perl | perl -c, perl-critic |
PHP | hack, langserver, php -l, phpcs, phpmd, phpstan, phpcbf |
Pod | proselint |
Pug | pug-lint |
Puppet | puppet, puppet-lint |
Python | autopep8, flake8, isort, mypy, pycodestyle, pylint !!, yapf |
R | lintr |
ReasonML | merlin see :help ale-integration-reason-merlin for configuration instructions |
reStructuredText | proselint |
RPM spec | rpmlint (disabled by default; see :help ale-integration-spec ) |
Ruby | brakeman !!, rails_best_practices !!, reek, rubocop, ruby |
Rust | cargo !! (see :help ale-integration-rust for configuration instructions), rls, rustc |
SASS | sass-lint, stylelint |
SCSS | sass-lint, scss-lint, stylelint, prettier |
Scala | scalac, scalastyle |
Slim | slim-lint |
SML | smlnj |
Solidity | solium |
Stylus | stylelint |
SQL | sqlint |
Swift | swiftlint, swiftformat |
Tcl | nagelfar !! |
Texinfo | proselint |
Text^ | proselint, vale |
Thrift | thrift |
TypeScript | eslint, tslint, tsserver, typecheck, prettier |
Verilog | iverilog, verilator |
Vim | vint |
Vim help^ | proselint |
XHTML | proselint |
XML | xmllint |
YAML | swaglint, yamllint |
2. Usage
2.i Linting
Once this plugin is installed, while editing your files in supported languages and tools which have been correctly installed, this plugin will send the contents of your text buffers to a variety of programs for checking the syntax and semantics of your programs. By default, linters will be re-run in the background to check your syntax when you open new buffers or as you make edits to your files.
The behaviour of linting can be configured with a variety of options,
documented in the Vim help file. For more information on the
options ALE offers, consult :help ale-options
for global options and :help ale-linter-options
for options specified to particular linters.
2.ii Fixing
ALE can fix files with the ALEFix
command. Functions need to be configured
for different filetypes with the g:ale_fixers
variable. For example, the
following code can be used to fix JavaScript code with ESLint:
" Put this in vimrc or a plugin file of your own.
" After this is configured, :ALEFix will try and fix your JS code with ESLint.
let g:ale_fixers = {
\ 'javascript': ['eslint'],
\}
" Set this setting in vimrc if you want to fix files automatically on save.
" This is off by default.
let g:ale_fix_on_save = 1
The :ALEFixSuggest
command will suggest some supported tools for fixing code,
but fixers can be also implemented with functions, including lambda functions
too. See :help ale-fix
for detailed information.
2.iii Completion
ALE offers some support for completion via hijacking of omnicompletion while you
type. All of ALE's completion information must come from Language Server
Protocol linters, or similar protocols. At the moment, completion is only
supported for TypeScript code with tsserver
, when tsserver
is enabled. You
can enable completion like so:
" Enable completion where available.
let g:ale_completion_enabled = 1
See :help ale-completion
for more information.
3. Installation
To install this plugin, you should use one of the following methods.
For Windows users, replace usage of the Unix ~/.vim
directory with
%USERPROFILE%\vimfiles
, or another directory if you have configured
Vim differently. On Windows, your ~/.vimrc
file will be similarly
stored in %USERPROFILE%\_vimrc
.
3.i. Installation with Vim package management
In Vim 8 and NeoVim, you can install plugins easily without needing to use
any other tools. Simply clone the plugin into your pack
directory.
Vim 8 on Unix
mkdir -p ~/.vim/pack/git-plugins/start
git clone https://github.com/w0rp/ale.git ~/.vim/pack/git-plugins/start/ale
NeoVim on Unix
mkdir -p ~/.local/share/nvim/site/pack/git-plugins/start
git clone https://github.com/w0rp/ale.git ~/.local/share/nvim/site/pack/git-plugins/start/ale
Vim 8 on Windows
# Run these commands in the "Git for Windows" Bash terminal
mkdir -p ~/vimfiles/pack/git-plugins/start
git clone https://github.com/w0rp/ale.git ~/vimfiles/pack/git-plugins/start/ale
Generating Vim help files
You can add the following line to your vimrc files to generate documentation
tags automatically, if you don't have something similar already, so you can use
the :help
command to consult ALE's online documentation:
" Put these lines at the very end of your vimrc file.
" Load all plugins now.
" Plugins need to be added to runtimepath before helptags can be generated.
packloadall
" Load all of the helptags now, after plugins have been loaded.
" All messages and errors will be ignored.
silent! helptags ALL
3.ii. Installation with Pathogen
To install this module with Pathogen,
you should clone this repository to your bundle directory, and ensure
you have the line execute pathogen#infect()
in your ~/.vimrc
file.
You can run the following commands in your terminal to do so:
cd ~/.vim/bundle
git clone https://github.com/w0rp/ale.git
3.iii. Installation with Vundle
You can install this plugin using Vundle by using the path on GitHub for this repository.
Plugin 'w0rp/ale'
See the Vundle documentation for more information.
4. Contributing
If you would like to see support for more languages and tools, please create an issue or create a pull request. If your tool can read from stdin or you have code to suggest which is good, support can be happily added for it.
If you are interested in the general direction of the project, check out the wiki home page. The wiki includes a Roadmap for the future, and more.
If you'd liked to discuss the project more directly, check out the #vim-ale
channel
on Freenode. Web chat is available here.
5. FAQ
5.i. How do I disable particular linters?
By default, all available tools for all supported languages will be run.
If you want to only select a subset of the tools, simply create a
g:ale_linters
dictionary in your vimrc file mapping filetypes
to lists of linters to run.
let g:ale_linters = {
\ 'javascript': ['eslint'],
\}
For all languages unspecified in the dictionary, all possible linters will be run for those languages, just as when the dictionary is not defined. Running many linters should not typically obstruct editing in Vim, as they will all be executed in separate processes simultaneously.
This plugin will look for linters in the ale_linters
directory.
Each directory within corresponds to a particular filetype in Vim, and each file
in each directory corresponds to the name of a particular linter.
5.ii. How can I keep the sign gutter open?
You can keep the sign gutter open at all times by setting the
g:ale_sign_column_always
to 1
let g:ale_sign_column_always = 1
5.iii. How can I change the signs ALE uses?
Use these options to specify what text should be used for signs:
let g:ale_sign_error = '>>'
let g:ale_sign_warning = '--'
ALE sets some background colors automatically for warnings and errors
in the sign gutter, with the names ALEErrorSign
and ALEWarningSign
.
These colors can be customised, or even removed completely:
highlight clear ALEErrorSign
highlight clear ALEWarningSign
5.iv. How can I show errors or warnings in my statusline?
vim-airline integrates with ALE for displaying error information in the status bar. If you want to see the status for ALE in a nice format, it is recommended to use vim-airline with ALE. The airline extension can be enabled by adding the following to your vimrc:
" Set this. Airline will handle the rest.
let g:airline#extensions#ale#enabled = 1
If you don't want to use vim-airline, you can implement your own statusline
function without adding any other plugins. ALE provides a function for counting
the number of problems for this purpose, named ale#statusline#Count
.
Say you want to display all errors as one figure, and all non-errors as another figure. You can do the following:
function! LinterStatus() abort
let l:counts = ale#statusline#Count(bufnr(''))
let l:all_errors = l:counts.error + l:counts.style_error
let l:all_non_errors = l:counts.total - l:all_errors
return l:counts.total == 0 ? 'OK' : printf(
\ '%dW %dE',
\ all_non_errors,
\ all_errors
\)
endfunction
set statusline=%{LinterStatus()}
See :help ale#statusline#Count()
for more information.
5.v. How can I change the format for echo messages?
There are 3 global options that allow customizing the echoed message.
g:ale_echo_msg_format
where:%s
is the error message itself%linter%
is the linter name%severity
is the severity type
g:ale_echo_msg_error_str
is the string used for error severity.g:ale_echo_msg_warning_str
is the string used for warning severity.
So for example this:
let g:ale_echo_msg_error_str = 'E'
let g:ale_echo_msg_warning_str = 'W'
let g:ale_echo_msg_format = '[%linter%] %s [%severity%]'
Will give you:
5.vi. How can I execute some code when ALE stops linting?
ALE runs its own autocmd event whenever has a linter has been successfully executed and processed. This autocmd event can be used to call arbitrary functions after ALE stops linting.
augroup YourGroup
autocmd!
autocmd User ALELint call YourFunction()
augroup END
5.vii. How can I navigate between errors quickly?
ALE offers some commands with <Plug>
keybinds for moving between warnings and
errors quickly. You can map the keys Ctrl+j and Ctrl+k to moving between errors
for example:
nmap <silent> <C-k> <Plug>(ale_previous_wrap)
nmap <silent> <C-j> <Plug>(ale_next_wrap)
For more information, consult the online documentation with
:help ale-navigation-commands
.
5.viii. How can I run linters only when I save files?
ALE offers an option g:ale_lint_on_save
for enabling running the linters
when files are saved. This option is enabled by default. If you only
wish to run linters when files are saved, you can turn the other
options off.
" Write this in your vimrc file
let g:ale_lint_on_text_changed = 'never'
" You can disable this option too
" if you don't want linters to run on opening a file
let g:ale_lint_on_enter = 0
If for whatever reason you don't wish to run linters again when you save
files, you can set g:ale_lint_on_save
to 0
.
5.ix. How can I use the quickfix list instead of the loclist?
The quickfix list can be enabled by turning the g:ale_set_quickfix
option on. If you wish to also disable the loclist, you can disable
the g:ale_set_loclist
option.
" Write this in your vimrc file
let g:ale_set_loclist = 0
let g:ale_set_quickfix = 1
If you wish to show Vim windows for the loclist or quickfix items
when a file contains warnings or errors, g:ale_open_list
can be
set to 1
. g:ale_keep_list_window_open
can be set to 1
if you wish to keep the window open even after errors disappear.
let g:ale_open_list = 1
" Set this if you want to.
" This can be useful if you are combining ALE with
" some other plugin which sets quickfix errors, etc.
let g:ale_keep_list_window_open = 1
5.x. How can I check JSX files with both stylelint and eslint?
If you configure ALE options correctly in your vimrc file, and install the right tools, you can check JSX files with stylelint and eslint.
First, install eslint and install stylelint with stylelint-processor-styled-components.
Supposing you have installed both tools correctly, configure your .jsx files so
jsx
is included in the filetype. You can use an autocmd
for this.
augroup FiletypeGroup
autocmd!
au BufNewFile,BufRead *.jsx set filetype=javascript.jsx
augroup END
Supposing the filetype has been set correctly, you can set the following options in your vimrc file:
let g:ale_linters = {'jsx': ['stylelint', 'eslint']}
let g:ale_linter_aliases = {'jsx': 'css'}
ALE will alias the jsx
filetype so it uses the css
filetype linters, and
use the original Array of selected linters for jsx
from the g:ale_linters
object. All available linters will be used for the filetype javascript
, and
no linter will be run twice for the same file.
5.xi. Will this plugin eat all of my laptop battery power?
ALE takes advantage of the power of various tools to check your code. This of course means that CPU time will be used to continuously check your code. If you are concerned about the CPU time ALE will spend, which will of course imply some cost to battery life, you can adjust your settings to make your CPU do less work.
First, consider increasing the delay before which ALE will run any linters
while you type. ALE uses a timeout which is cancelled and reset every time you
type, and this delay can be increased so linters are run less often. See
:help g:ale_lint_delay
for more information.
If you don't wish to run linters while you type, you can disable that
behaviour. Set g:ale_lint_on_text_changed
to never
or normal
. You won't
get as frequent error checking, but ALE shouldn't block your ability to edit a
document after you save a file, so the asynchronous nature of the plugin will
still be an advantage.
If you are still concerned, you can turn the automatic linting off altogether,
including the option g:ale_lint_on_enter
, and you can run ALE manually with
:ALELint
.