*UltiSnips.txt* For Vim version 7.0 or later. The Ultimate Plugin for Snippets in Vim~ UltiSnips *snippet* *snippets* *UltiSnips* 1. Description |UltiSnips-description| 1.1 Requirements |UltiSnips-requirements| 1.2 Acknowledgments |UltiSnips-acknowledgments| 2. Installation and Updating |UltiSnips-installnupdate| 3. Settings & Commands |UltiSnips-settings| 3.1 Commands |UltiSnips-commands| 3.2 Triggers |UltiSnips-triggers| 3.2.1 Using your own trigger functions |UltiSnips-trigger-functions| 3.2.2 Path to Python Module |UltiSnips-python-module-path| 3.3 Snippet Search Path |UltiSnips-snippet-search-path| 3.4 Warning About Select Mode Mappings |UltiSnips-warning-smappings| 3.5 Functions |UltiSnips-functions| 3.5.1 UltiSnips_AddSnippet |UltiSnips_AddSnippet| 3.5.2 UltiSnips_Anon |UltiSnips_Anon| 3.6 Missing python support |UltiSnips-python-warning| 4. Syntax |UltiSnips-syntax| 4.1 Adding Snippets |UltiSnips-adding-snippets| 4.1.1 Character Escaping |UltiSnips-character-escaping| 4.2 Plaintext Snippets |UltiSnips-plaintext-snippets| 4.3 Visual Placeholder |UltiSnips-visual-placeholder| 4.4 Interpolation |UltiSnips-interpolation| 4.4.1 Shellcode |UltiSnips-shellcode| 4.4.2 VimScript |UltiSnips-vimscript| 4.4.3 Python |UltiSnips-python| 4.4.4 Global Snippets |UltiSnips-globals| 4.5 Tabstops and Placeholders |UltiSnips-tabstops| 4.6 Mirrors |UltiSnips-mirrors| 4.7 Transformations |UltiSnips-transformations| 4.7.1 Replacement String |UltiSnips-replacement-string| 4.7.2 Demos |UltiSnips-demos| 4.8 Clearing snippets |UltiSnips-clearing-snippets| 5. Support for other plugins |UltiSnips-other-plugins| 6. Helping Out |UltiSnips-helping| 7. Contact |UltiSnips-contact| 8. Contributors |UltiSnips-contributors| 8.1 Patches & Coding |UltiSnips-contricoding| 8.2 Snippets |UltiSnips-contrisnippets| This plugin only works if 'compatible' is not set. {Vi does not have any of these features} {only available when |+python| or |+python3| have been enabled at compile time} ============================================================================== 1. Description *UltiSnips-description* UltiSnips provides snippet management for the Vim editor. A snippet is a short piece of text that is either re-used often or contains a lot of redundant text. UltiSnips allows you to insert a snippet with only a few key strokes. Snippets are common in structured text like source code but can also be used for general editing like, for example, inserting a signature in an email or inserting the current date in a text file. UltiSnips was developed using the TDD (Test-driven development) philosophy. This ensures that features do not disappear and bugs do not reappear after they have been fixed. On my blog, http://www.sirver.net, I posted several short screencasts, which make a great introduction to UltiSnips, illustrating its features and usage. http://www.sirver.net/blog/2011/12/30/first-episode-of-ultisnips-screencast/ http://www.sirver.net/blog/2012/01/08/second-episode-of-ultisnips-screencast/ http://www.sirver.net/blog/2012/02/05/third-episode-of-ultisnips-screencast/ http://www.sirver.net/blog/2012/03/31/fourth-episode-of-ultisnips-screencast/ 1.1 Requirements *UltiSnips-requirements* ---------------- This plugin works with Vim version 7.0 or later. It only works if the 'compatible' setting is not set. This plugin requires python >= 2.6. It has been specifically tested using python 2.7 and python 3.2 but should theoretically work on all versions of python >= 2.6. The Python 2.x or Python 3.x interface must be available. In other words, Vim must be compiled with either the |+python| feature or the |+python3| feature. The following commands show how to test if you have python compiled in Vim. They print '1' if the python version is compiled in, '0' if not. Test if Vim is compiled with python version 2.x: > :echo has("python") The python version Vim is linked agains can be found with: > :py import sys; print(sys.version) Test if Vim is compiled with python version 3.x: > :echo has("python3") The python version Vim is linked agains can be found with: > :py3 import sys; print(sys.version) Note that Vim is maybe not using your system wide installed python version, so make sure to check the Python version inside of Vim. UltiSnips attempts to autodetect which python version is compiled into Vim. Unfortunately, in some versions of Vim this detection does not work. In that case you have to explicitly tell UltiSnips which version to use using the 'UltiSnipsUsePythonVersion' global variable. To use python version 2.x: > let g:UltiSnipsUsePythonVersion = 2 To use python version 3.x: > let g:UltiSnipsUsePythonVersion = 3 1.2 Acknowledgments *UltiSnips-acknowledgments* ------------------- UltiSnips was inspired by the snippets feature of TextMate (http://macromates.com/), the GUI text editor for Mac OS X. Managing snippets in Vim is not new. I want to thank Michael Sanders, the author of snipMate, for some implementation details I borrowed from his plugin and for the permission to use his snippets. ============================================================================= 2. Installation and Updating *UltiSnips-installnupdate* Using Pathogen: *UltiSnips-using-pathogen* If you are a pathogen user, you can track the official mirror of UltiSnips on github: > $ cd ~/.vim/ $ git submodule add git://github.com/SirVer/ultisnips.git bundle/ultisnips See the pathogen documentation for more details on how to update a bundle. Using Bzr: *UltiSnips-using-bzr* To track the main repository on github, you will need bzr (http://bazaar-vcs.org/). bzr is available in all major Linux distributions (packaged as bzr or bazaar) and can be easily installed under Mac OS X: > $ pip install bzr Using bzr, checkout UltiSnips into a directory of your choice. > $ cd ~/.vim/ $ bzr get lp:ultisnips ultisnips_rep Then add this directory to your Vim runtime path by adding this line to your vimrc file. > set runtimepath+=~/.vim/ultisnips_rep UltiSnips also needs that Vim sources files from the ftdetect/ directory. Unfortunately, Vim only allows this directory in the .vim directory. You therefore have to symlink/copy the files: > mkdir -p ~/.vim/ftdetect/ ln -s ~/.vim/ultisnips_rep/ftdetect/* ~/.vim/ftdetect/ Restart Vim and UltiSnips should work. To access the help, use > :helptags ~/.vim/ultisnips_rep/doc :help UltiSnips To update an installation, simply pull the latest revision: > $ cd ~/.vim/ultisnips_rep $ bzr pull Using a downloaded packet: *UltiSnips-using-a-downloaded-packet* Download the packet and unpack into a directory of your choice. Add the path to runtimepath. See |UltiSnips-using-bzr| for an example. ============================================================================= 3. Settings & Commands *UltiSnips-settings* 3.1 Commands *UltiSnips-commands* ------------ *:UltiSnipsEdit* The UltiSnipsEdit command opens the private snippet definition file for the current filetype for editing. If a definition file does not exist a new file is opened with the appropriate name. Snippet definition files are standard text files and can be edited directly. UltiSnipsEdit makes it easier. There are several variables associated with the UltiSnipsEdit command. *g:UltiSnipsEditSplit* g:UltiSnipsEditSplit Defines how the edit window is open. Possible values: |normal| Default. Opens in the current window. |horizontal| Splits the window horizontally. |vertical| Splits the window vertically. *g:UltiSnipsSnippetsDir* g:UltiSnipsSnippetsDir Defines the directory private snippet definition files are stored in. For example, if the variable is set to "~/.vim/mydir/UltiSnips" and the current 'filetype' is "cpp", then :UltiSnipsEdit will open "~/.vim/mydir/UltiSnips/cpp.snippets". *:UltiSnipsAddFiletypes* The UltiSnipsAddFiletypes command allows for explicit merging of other snippet filetypes for the current buffer. For example if you edit a .rst file, but also want the Lua snippets to be available you can issue the command > :UltiSnipsAddFiletypes rst.lua using the dotted filetype syntax. Order is important, the first filetype in this list will be the one used for UltiSnipsEdit and the list is ordered by evaluation priority. Consequently, you might add this to your ftplugin/rails.vim > :UltiSnipsAddFiletypes rails.ruby I mention rails first, because I want to edit rails snippet when using UltiSnipsEdit and because rails snippet should overwrite equivalent ruby snippets. The priority will now be rails -> ruby -> all. If you have some special programming snippets that should have lower priority than your ruby snippets you can call > :UltiSnipsAddFiletypes ruby.programming The priority will then be rails -> ruby -> programming -> all. 3.2 Triggers *UltiSnips-triggers* ------------ You can define the keys used to trigger UltiSnips actions by setting global variables. Variables define the keys used to expand a snippet, jump forward and jump backwards within a snippet, and list all available snippets in the current expand context. The variables with their default values are: > g:UltiSnipsExpandTrigger g:UltiSnipsListSnippets g:UltiSnipsJumpForwardTrigger g:UltiSnipsJumpBackwardTrigger The g:UltiSnipsExpandTrigger and g:UltiSnipsJumpForwardTrigger can be set to the same value. To simulate TextMate behavior, add the following lines to your vimrc file. > let g:UltiSnipsExpandTrigger="" let g:UltiSnipsJumpForwardTrigger="" let g:UltiSnipsJumpBackwardTrigger="" 3.2.1 Using your own trigger functions *UltiSnips-trigger-functions* -------------------------------------- For advanced users there are four functions that you can map directly to a key and that correspond to some of the triggers previously defined: g:UltiSnipsExpandTrigger <--> UltiSnips_ExpandSnippet g:UltiSnipsJumpForwardTrigger <--> UltiSnips_JumpForwards g:UltiSnipsJumpBackwardTrigger <--> UltiSnips_JumpBackwards If you have g:UltiSnipsExpandTrigger and g:UltiSnipsJumpForwardTrigger set to the same value then when the function you are actually going to use is UltiSnips_ExpandSnippetOrJump. Each time any of the functions UltiSnips_ExpandSnippet, UltiSnips_ExpandSnippet, UltiSnips_JumpBackwards or UltiSnips_JumpBackwards is called a global variable is set that contains the corresponding return value of the corresponding function. The corresponding variables and functions are: UltiSnips_ExpandSnippet --> g:ulti_expand_res (0: fail, 1: success) UltiSnips_ExpandSnippetOrJump --> g:ulti_expand_or_jump_res (0: fail, 1: expand, 2: jump) UltiSnips_JumpForwards --> g:ulti_jump_forwards_res (0: fail, 1: success) UltiSnips_JumpBackwards --> g:ulti_jump_backwards_res (0: fail, 1: success) To see how these return values may come in handy suppose that you want to map a key to expand or jump, but if none of these actions is successful you want to call another function. Ultisnips already does this automatically for supertab, but this allows you individual fine tuning of your tab key usage. Usage is as follows: You define a function > let g:ulti_expand_or_jump_res = 0 "default value, just set once function! Ulti_ExpandOrJump_and_getRes() call UltiSnips_ExpandSnippetOrJump() return g:ulti_expand_or_jump_res endfunction then you define your mapping as > inoremap =(Ulti_ExpandOrJump_and_getRes() > 0)?"":IMAP_Jumpfunc('', 0) and if the you can't expand or jump from the current location then the alternative function IMAP_Jumpfunc('', 0) is called. 3.2.2 Path to Python module *UltiSnips-python-module-path* --------------------------- For even more advanced usage, you can directly write python functions using UltiSnip's python modules. The path to UltiSnip's python implementation is stored in the g:UltiSnipsPythonPath variable which is set automatically on load. Here is a small example funtion that expands a snippet: > function! s:Ulti_ExpandSnip() Python << EOF import sys, vim new_path = vim.eval("expand('g:UltiSnipsPythonPath')") sys.path.append(new_path) from UltiSnips import UltiSnips_Manager UltiSnips_Manager.expand() EOF return "" endfunction 3.3 Snippet Search Path *UltiSnips-snippet-search-path* ----------------------- UltiSnips snippet definition files are stored in one or more directories. There are several variables used to indicate those directories and define how UltiSnips loads snippets. Snippet definition files are stored in snippet directories. A snippet directory must be a subdirectory of a directory defined in the 'runtimepath' option. The variable g:UltiSnipsSnippetDirectories defines a list of names used for snippet directories. The default is shown below. > g:UltiSnipsSnippetDirectories ["UltiSnips"] UltiSnips will search each 'runtimepath' directory for the subdirectory names defined in g:UltiSnipsSnippetDirectories in the order they are defined. For example, if you keep your snippets in a .vim subdirectory called "mycoolsnippets" and you want to make use of the default snippets that come with UltiSnips, add the following to your vimrc file. > let g:UltiSnipsSnippetDirectories=["UltiSnips", "mycoolsnippets"] If you do not want to use the snippets that come with UltiSnips, define the variable accordingly. > let g:UltiSnipsSnippetDirectories=["mycoolsnippets"] UltiSnips searches in 'runtimepath' for snippet directories but traverses 'runtimepath' in reverse order (last item first). If you would like to have UltiSnips traverse 'runtimepath' in the standard order, add this to your vimrc file: > let g:UltiSnipsDontReverseSearchPath="1" By default, whenever a snippet expand is triggered, UltiSnips will check for modifications to the snippet file associated with the filetype and reload it if necessary. This behavior can be disabled as follows: > let g:UltiSnipsDoHash=0 |UltiSnips-adding-snippets| explains which files are parsed for a given filetype. 3.4 Warning About Select Mode Mappings *UltiSnips-warning-smappings* -------------------------------------- Vim's help document for |mapmode-s| states: > NOTE: Mapping a printable character in Select mode may confuse the user. It's better to explicitly use :xmap and :smap for printable characters. Or use :sunmap after defining the mapping. However, most Vim plugins, including some default Vim plugins, do not adhere to this. UltiSnips uses Select mode to mark tabstops in snippets for overwriting. Existing Visual+Select mode mappings will interfere. Therefore, UltiSnips issues a |:sunmap| command to remove each Select mode mapping for printable characters. No other mappings are touched. In particular, UltiSnips does not change existing normal, insert or visual mode mappings. If this behavior is not desired, you can disable it by adding this line to your vimrc file. > let g:UltiSnipsRemoveSelectModeMappings = 0 If you want to disable this feature for specific mappings only, add them to the list of mappings to be ignored. For example, the following lines in your vimrc file will unmap all Select mode mappings except those mappings containing either the string "somePlugin" or the string "otherPlugin" in its complete definition as listed by the |:smap| command. > let g:UltiSnipsRemoveSelectModeMappings = 1 let g:UltiSnipsMappingsToIgnore = [ "somePlugin", "otherPlugin" ] 3.5 Functions *UltiSnips-functions* ------------- UltiSnips provides two functions for extending core functionality. 3.5.1 UltiSnips_AddSnippet *UltiSnips_AddSnippet* The first function is UltiSnips_AddSnippet(trigger, value, description, options, ...). It adds a new snippet with the provided trigger, value, description, and options to the current list of snippets. See |UltiSnips-syntax| for details on the meaning of the function arguments. All arguments are strings. An optional fifth argument can be used to specify the filetype for the new snippet. 3.5.2 UltiSnips_Anon *UltiSnips_Anon* The second function is UltiSnips_Anon(value, ...). It expands an anonymous snippet. Anonymous snippets are defined on the spot, expanded and immediately discarded again. Anonymous snippets are not added to the global list of snippets, so they cannot be expanded a second time unless the function is called again. The function takes three optional arguments, in order: trigger, description, options. Arguments coincide with the arguments of the |UltiSnips_AddSnippet| function of the same name. The trigger and options arguments can change the way the snippet expands. The description is unused at this point. An example use case might be this line from a reStructuredText plugin file: inoremap $$ $$=UltiSnips_Anon(':latex:\`$1\`', '$$') This expands the snippet whenever two $ signs are typed. Note: The right hand side of the mapping starts with an immediate retype of the '$$' trigger and passes '$$' to the function as the trigger argument. This is required in order for UltiSnips to have access to the characters typed so it can determine if the trigger matches or not. 3.6 Warning about missing python support *UltiSnips-python-warning* ---------------------------------------- When UltiSnips is loaded, it will check that the running Vim was compiled with python support. If no support is detected, a warning will be displayed and loading of UltiSnips will be skipped. If you would like to suppress this warning message, you may add the following line to your vimrc file. let g:UltiSnipsNoPythonWarning = 1 This may be useful if your Vim configuration files are shared across several systems where some of them may not have Vim compiled with python support. ============================================================================= 4. Syntax *UltiSnips-syntax* This chapter describes how to write your own snippets and snippet definition syntax. Examples are used to help illustrate. 4.1 Adding Snippets *UltiSnips-adding-snippets* ------------------- See |UltiSnips-snippet-search-path| for an explanation of where directories with snippet definitions should be located. Using a strategy similar to how Vim detects |ftplugins|, UltiSnips iterates over the snippet definition directories looking for files with names of the following patterns: ft.snippets, ft_*.snippets, or ft/*, where "ft" is the 'filetype' of the current document and "*" is a shell-like wildcard matching any string including the empty string. The following table shows some typical snippet filenames and their associated filetype. snippet filename filetype ~ ruby.snippets ruby perl.snippets perl c.snippets c c_my.snippets c c/a c c/b.snippets c all.snippets *all all/a.snippets *all * The 'all' filetype is unique. It represents snippets available for use when editing any document regardless of the filetype. A date insertion snippet, for example, would be fit well in the all.snippets file. UltiSnips understands Vim's dotted filetype syntax. For example, if you define a dotted filetype for the CUDA C++ framework, e.g. ":set ft=cuda.cpp", then UltiSnips will search for and activate snippets for both the cuda and cpp filetypes. UltiSnips doesn't understand multiple filetypes in snippet filenames, so a snippet file named "cuda.cpp.snippets" won't match the "cuda" or "cpp" filetypes, which means it won't be activated for files with the dotted filetype "cuda.cpp" either. The extends directive provides an alternative way of combining snippet files. When the extends directive is included in a snippet file, it instructs UltiSnips to include all snippets from the indicated filetypes. The syntax looks like this: > extends ft1, ft2, ft3 For example, the first line in cpp.snippets looks like this: > extends c When UltiSnips activates snippets for a cpp file, it first looks for all c snippets and activates them as well. This is a convenient way to create specialized snippet files from more general ones. Multiple "extends" lines are permitted in a snippet file, and they can be included anywhere in the file. The snippets file syntax is simple. All lines starting with a # character are considered comments. Comments are ignored by UltiSnips. Use them to document snippets. A line beginning with the keyword 'snippet' marks the beginning of snippet definition and a line starting with the keyword 'endsnippet' marks the end. The snippet definition is placed between the lines. Here is a snippet of an 'if' statement for the Unix shell (sh) filetype. snippet if "if ... then (if)" if ${2:[[ ${1:condition} ]]}; then ${0:#statements} fi endsnippet The start line takes the following form: > snippet tab_trigger [ "description" [ options ] ] The tab_trigger is required, but the description and options are optional. The 'tab_trigger' is the word or string sequence used to trigger the snippet. Generally a single word is used but the tab_trigger can include spaces. If you wish to include spaces, you must wrap the tab trigger in quotes. > snippet "tab trigger" [ "description" [ options ] ] The quotes are not part of the trigger. To activate the snippet type: tab trigger followed by the snippet expand character. It is not technically necessary to use quotes to wrap a trigger with spaces. Any matching characters will do. For example, this is a valid snippet starting line. > snippet !tab trigger! [ "description" [ options ] ] Quotes can be included as part of the trigger by wrapping the trigger in another character. > snippet !"tab trigger"! [ "description" [ options ] ] To activate this snippet one would type: "tab trigger" The 'description' is a string describing the trigger. It is helpful for documenting the snippet and for distinguishing it from other snippets with the same tab trigger. When a snippet is activated and more than one tab trigger match, UltiSnips displays a list of the matching snippets with their descriptions. The user then selects the snippet they want. The 'options' control the behavior of the snippet. Options are indicated by single characters. The 'options' characters for a snippet are combined into a word without spaces. The options currently supported are: > ! Overwrite - A snippet with this option will overwrite all previously defined snippets with an identical tab trigger. The default behavior is to display list of snippets matching the tab trigger and let the user pick the one they want. Use this option to overwrite bundled snippets with user defined ones. b Beginning of line - A snippet with this option is expanded only if the tab trigger is the first word on the line. In other words, if only whitespace precedes the tab trigger, expand. The default is to expand snippets at any position regardless of the preceding non-whitespace characters. i In-word expansion - By default a snippet is expanded only if the tab trigger is the first word on the line or is preceded by one or more whitespace characters. A snippet with this option is expanded regardless of the preceding character. In other words, the snippet can be triggered in the middle of a word. w Word boundary - With this option, the snippet is expanded if the tab trigger start matches a word boundary and the tab trigger end matches a word boundary. In other words the tab trigger must be preceded and followed by non-word characters. Word characters are letters, digits and the underscore. Use this option, for example, to permit expansion where the tab trigger follows punctuation without expanding suffixes of larger words. r Regular expression - With this option, the tab trigger is expected to be a python regular expression. The snippet is expanded if the recently typed characters match the regular expression. Note: The regular expression MUST be quoted (or surrounded with another character) like a multi-word tab trigger (see above) whether it has spaces or not. A resulting match is passed to any python code blocks in the snippet definition as the local variable "match". t Do not expand tabs - If a snippet definition includes leading tab characters, by default UltiSnips expands the tab characters honoring the Vim 'shiftwidth', 'softtabstop', 'expandtab' and 'tabstop' indentation settings. (For example, if 'expandtab' is set, the tab is replaced with spaces.) If this option is set, UltiSnips will ignore the Vim settings and insert the tab characters as is. This option is useful for snippets involved with tab delimited formats, for example. s Remove whitespace immediately before the cursor at the end of a line before jumping to the next tabstop. This is useful if there is a tabstop with optional text at the end of a line. The end line is the 'endsnippet' keyword on a line by itself. > endsnippet When parsing snippet files, UltiSnips chops the trailing newline character from the 'endsnippet' end line. 4.1.1 Character Escaping: *UltiSnips-character-escaping* In snippet definitions, the characters '`', '{', '$', '\' and "'" (single quote) have special meaning. If you want to insert one of these characters literally, escape them with a backslash, '\'. 4.2 Plaintext Snippets *UltiSnips-plaintext-snippets* ---------------------- To illustrate plaintext snippets, let's begin with a simple example. You can try the examples yourself. Simply edit a new file with Vim. Example snippets will be added to the 'all.snippets' file, so you'll want to open it in Vim for editing as well. > ~/.vim/UltiSnips/all.snippets Add this snippet to 'all.snippets' and save the file. ------------------- SNIP ------------------- snippet bye "My mail signature" Good bye, Sir. Hope to talk to you soon. - Arthur, King of Britain endsnippet ------------------- SNAP ------------------- UltiSnips detects when you write changes to a snippets file and automatically makes the changes active. So in the empty buffer, type the tab trigger 'bye' and then press the key. bye --> Good bye, Sir. Hope to talk to you soon. - Arthur, King of Britain The word 'bye' will be replaced with the text of the snippet definition. 4.3 Visual Placeholder *UltiSnips-visual-placeholder* ---------------------- Snippets can contain a special placeholder called ${VISUAL}. The ${VISUAL} variable is expanded with the text selected just prior to expanding the snippet. To see how a snippet with a ${VISUAL} placeholder works, define a snippet with the placeholder, use Vim's Visual mode to select some text, and then press the key you use to trigger expanding a snippet (see g:UltiSnipsExpandTrigger). The selected text is deleted, and you are dropped into Insert mode. Now type the snippet tab trigger and press the key to trigger expansion. As the snippet expands, the previously selected text is printed in place of the ${VISUAL} placeholder. The ${VISUAL} placeholder can contain default text to use when the snippet has been triggered when not in Visual mode. The syntax is: > ${VISUAL:default text} The ${VISUAL} placeholder can also define a transformation (see |UltiSnips-transformations|). The syntax is: > ${VISUAL:default/search/replace/option}. Here is a simple example illustrating a visual transformation. The snippet will take selected text, replace every instance of "should" within it with "is" , and wrap the result in tags. ------------------- SNIP ------------------- snippet t ${VISUAL:inside text/should/is/g} endsnippet ------------------- SNAP ------------------- Start with this line of text: > this should be cool Position the cursor on the word "should", then press the key sequence: viw (visual mode -> select inner word). Then press , type "t" and press again. The result is: > -> this is be cool If you expand this snippet while not in Visual mode (e.g., in Insert mode type t), you will get: > inside text 4.4 Interpolation *UltiSnips-interpolation* ----------------- 4.4.1 Shellcode: *UltiSnips-shellcode* Snippets can include shellcode. Put a shell command in a snippet and when the snippet is expanded, the shell command is replaced by the output produced when the command is executed. The syntax for shellcode is simple: wrap the code in backticks, '`'. When a snippet is expanded, UltiSnips runs shellcode by first writing it to a temporary script and then executing the script. The shellcode is replaced by the standard output. Anything you can run as a script can be used in shellcode. Include a shebang line, for example, #!/usr/bin/perl, and your snippet has the ability to run scripts using other programs, perl, for example. Here are some examples. This snippet uses a shell command to insert the current date. ------------------- SNIP ------------------- snippet today Today is the `date +%d.%m.%y`. endsnippet ------------------- SNAP ------------------- today -> Today is the 15.07.09. This example inserts the current date using perl. ------------------- SNIP ------------------- snippet today Today is `#!/usr/bin/perl @a = localtime(); print $a[3] . '.' . $a[4] . '.' . ($a[5]+1900);`. endsnippet ------------------- SNAP ------------------- today -> Today is 15.6.2009. 4.4.2 VimScript: *UltiSnips-vimscript* You can also use Vim scripts (sometimes called VimL) in interpolation. The syntax is similar to shellcode. Wrap the code in backticks and to distinguish it as a Vim script, start the code with '!v'. Here is an example that counts the indent of the current line: ------------------- SNIP ------------------- snippet indent Indent is: `!v indent(".")`. endsnippet ------------------- SNAP ------------------- (note the 4 spaces in front): indent -> (note the 4 spaces in front): Indent is: 4. 4.4.3 Python: *UltiSnips-python* By far python interpolation is the most powerful. The syntax is similar to Vim scripts except code is started with '!p'. Python scripts can be run using the python shebang '#!/usr/bin/python', but using the '!p' format comes with some predefined objects and variables, which can simplify and shorten code. For example, a 'snip' object instance is implied in python code. Python code using the '!p' indicator differs in another way. Generally when a snippet is expanded the standard output of code replaces the code. With python code the value of the 'rv' property of the 'snip' instance replaces the code. Standard output is ignored. The variables automatically defined in python code are: > fn - The current filename path - The complete path to the current file t - The values of the placeholders, t[1] is the text of ${1}, and so on snip - UltiSnips.TextObjects.SnippetUtil object instance. Has methods that simplify indentation handling. The 'snip' object provides the following methods: > snip.mkline(line="", indent=None): Returns a line ready to be appended to the result. If indent is None, then mkline prepends spaces and/or tabs appropriate to the current 'tabstop' and 'expandtab' variables. snip.shift(amount=1): Shifts the default indentation level used by mkline right by the number of spaces defined by 'shiftwidth', 'amount' times. snip.unshift(amount=1): Shifts the default indentation level used by mkline left by the number of spaces defined by 'shiftwidth', 'amount' times. snip.reset_indent(): Resets the indentation level to its initial value. snip.opt(var, default): Checks if the Vim variable 'var' has been set. If so, it returns the variable's value; otherwise, it returns the value of 'default'. The 'snip' object provides some properties as well: > snip.rv: 'rv' is the return value, the text that will replace the python block in the snippet definition. It is initialized to the empty string. This deprecates the 'res' variable. snip.c: The text currently in the python block's position within the snippet. It is set to empty string as soon as interpolation is completed. Thus you can check if snip.c is != "" to make sure that the interpolation is only done once. This deprecates the "cur" variable. snip.v: Data related to the ${VISUAL} placeholder. The property has two attributes: snip.v.mode ('v', 'V', '^V', see |visual-mode| ) snip.v.text The text that was selected. snip.fn: The current filename. snip.basename: The current filename with the extension removed. snip.ft: The current filetype. For your convenience, the 'snip' object also provides the following operators: > snip >> amount: Equivalent to snip.shift(amount) snip << amount: Equivalent to snip.unshift(amount) snip += line: Equivalent to "snip.rv += '\n' + snip.mkline(line)" Any variables defined in a python block can be used in other python blocks that follow within the same snippet. Also, the python modules 'vim', 're', 'os', 'string' and 'random' are pre-imported within the scope of snippet code. Other modules can be imported using the python 'import' command. Python code allows for very flexible snippets. For example, the following snippet mirrors the first tabstop value on the same line but right aligned and in uppercase. ------------------- SNIP ------------------- snippet wow ${1:Text}`!p snip.rv = (75-2*len(t[1]))*' '+t[1].upper()` endsnippet ------------------- SNAP ------------------- wowHello World -> Hello World HELLO WORLD The following snippet uses the regular expression option and illustrates regular expression grouping using python's match object. It shows that the expansion of a snippet can depend on the tab trigger used to define the snippet, and that tab trigger itself can vary. ------------------- SNIP ------------------- snippet "be(gin)?( (\S+))?" "begin{} / end{}" br \begin{${1:`!p snip.rv = match.group(3) if match.group(2) is not None else "something"`}} ${2:${VISUAL}} \end{$1}$0 endsnippet ------------------- SNAP ------------------- becenter -> \begin{center} \end{center} ------------------- SNAP ------------------- be center -> \begin{center} \end{center} The second form is a variation of the first, both produce the same result, but it illustrates how regular expression grouping works. Using regular expressions in this manner has some drawbacks: 1. If you use the key for both expanding snippets and completion then if you typed "be form" expecting the completion "be formatted", you would end up with the above SNAP instead, not what you want. 2. The snippet is harder to read. 4.4.4 Global Snippets: *UltiSnips-globals* Global snippets provide a way to reuse common code in multiple snippets. Currently, only python code is supported. The result of executing the contents of a global snippet is put into the globals of each python block in the snippet file. To create a global snippet, use the keyword 'global' in place of 'snippet', and for python code, you use '!p' for the trigger. For example, the following snippet produces the same output as the last example . However, with this syntax the 'upper_right' snippet can be reused by other snippets. ------------------- SNIP ------------------- global !p def upper_right(inp): return (75 - 2 * len(inp))*' ' + inp.upper() endglobal snippet wow ${1:Text}`!p snip.rv = upper_right(t[1])` endsnippet ------------------- SNAP ------------------- wowHello World -> Hello World HELLO WORLD Python global functions can be stored in a python module and then imported. This makes global functions easily accessible to all snippet files. First, add the directory modules are stored in to the python search path. For example, add this line to your vimrc file. > py import sys; sys.path.append("/home/sirver/.vim/python") Now, import modules from this directory using a global snippet in your snippet file > global !p from my_snippet_helpers import * endglobals 4.4 Tabstops and Placeholders *UltiSnips-tabstops* *UltiSnips-placeholders* ----------------------------- Snippets are used to quickly insert reused text into a document. Often the text has a fixed structure with variable components. Tabstops are used to simplify modifying the variable content. With tabstops you can easily place the cursor at the point of the variable content, enter the content you want, then jump to the next variable component, enter that content, and continue until all the variable components are complete. The syntax for a tabstop is the dollar sign followed by a number, for example, '$1'. Tabstops start at number 1 and are followed in sequential order. The '$0' tabstop is a special tabstop. It is always the last tabstop in the snippet no matter how many tabstops are defined. Here is a simple example. ------------------- SNIP ------------------- snippet letter Dear $1, $0 Yours sincerely, $2 endsnippet ------------------- SNAP ------------------- letterBenPaulThanks for suggesting UltiSnips!-> Dear Ben, Thanks for suggesting UltiSnips! Yours sincerely, Paul You can use to jump to the next tabstop, and to jump to the previous. The key was not used for jumping forward because many people (myself included) use for completion. See |UltiSnips-triggers| for help on defining different keys for tabstops. Many times it is useful to have some default text for a tabstop. The default text may be a value commonly used for the variable component, or it may be a word or phrase that reminds you what is expected for the variable component. To include default text, the syntax is '${1:value}'. The following example illustrates a snippet for the shell 'case' statement. The tabstops use default values to remind the user of what value is expected. ------------------- SNIP ------------------- snippet case case ${1:word} in ${2:pattern} ) $0;; esac endsnippet ------------------- SNAP ------------------- case$option-vverbose=true case $option in -v ) verbose=true;; esac Sometimes it is useful to have a tabstop within a tabstop. To do this, simply include the nested tabstop as part of the default text. Consider the following example illustrating an HTML anchor snippet. ------------------- SNIP ------------------- snippet a $0 endsnippet ------------------- SNAP ------------------- When this snippet is expanded, the first tabstop has a default value of 'http://www.example.com'. If you want the 'http://' schema, jump to the next tabstop. It has a default value of 'example.com'. This can be replaced by typing whatever domain you want. agoogle.comGoogle -> Google If at the first tabstop you want a different url schema or want to replace the default url with a named anchor, '#name', for example, just type the value you want. a#topTop -> Top In the last example, typing any text at the first tabstop replaces the default value, including the second tabstop, with the typed text. So the second tabstop is essentially deleted. When a tabstop jump is triggered, UltiSnips moves to the next remaining tabstop '$0'. This feature can be used intentionally as a handy way for providing optional tabstop values to the user. Here is an example to illustrate. ------------------- SNIP ------------------- snippet a $0 endsnippet ------------------- SNAP ------------------- Here, '$1' marks the first tabstop. It is assumed you always want to add a value for the 'href' attribute. After entering the url and pressing , the snippet will jump to the second tabstop, '$2'. This tabstop is optional. The default text is ' class="link"'. You can press to accept the tabstop, and the snippet will jump to the third tabstop, '$3', and you can enter the class attribute value, or, at the second tabstop you can press the backspace key thereby replacing the second tabstop default with an empty string, essentially removing it. In either case, continue by pressing and the snippet will jump to the final tabstop inside the anchor. ahttp://www.google.comvisitedGoogle -> Google ahttp://www.google.comGoogle -> Google The default text of tabstops can also contain mirrors, transformations or interpolation. 4.6 Mirrors *UltiSnips-mirrors* ----------- Mirrors repeat the content of a tabstop. During snippet expansion when you enter the value for a tabstop, all mirrors of that tabstop are replaced with the same value. To mirror a tabstop simply insert the tabstop again using the "dollar sign followed by a number" syntax, e.g., '$1'. A tabstop can be mirrored multiple times in one snippet, and more than one tabstop can be mirrored in the same snippet. A mirrored tabstop can have a default value defined. Only the first instance of the tabstop need have a default value. Mirrored tabstop will take on the default value automatically. Mirrors are handy for start-end tags, for example, TeX 'begin' and 'end' tag labels, XML and HTML tags, and C code #ifndef blocks. Here are some snippet examples. ------------------- SNIP ------------------- snippet env \begin{${1:enumerate}} $0 \end{$1} endsnippet ------------------- SNAP ------------------- envitemize -> \begin{itemize} \end{itemize} ------------------- SNIP ------------------- snippet ifndef #ifndef ${1:SOME_DEFINE} #define $1 $0 #endif /* $1 */ endsnippet ------------------- SNAP ------------------- ifndefWIN32 -> #ifndef WIN32 #define WIN32 #endif /* WIN32 */ 4.7 Transformations *UltiSnips-transformations* ------------------- Note: Transformations are a bit difficult to grasp so this chapter is divided into two sections. The first describes transformations and their syntax, and the second illustrates transformations with demos. Transformations are like mirrors but instead of just copying text from the original tabstop verbatim, a regular expression is matched to the content of the referenced tabstop and a transformation is then applied to the matched pattern. The syntax and functionality of transformations in UltiSnips follow very closely to TextMate transformations. A transformation has the following syntax: > ${ tab_stop_no - The number of the tabstop to reference regular_expression - The regular expression the value of the referenced tabstop is matched on replacement - The replacement string, explained in detail below options - Options for the regular expression The options can be any combination of > g - global replace By default, only the first match of the regular expression is replaced. With this option all matches are replaced. i - case insensitive By default, regular expression matching is case sensitive. With this option, matching is done without regard to case. The syntax of regular expressions is beyond the scope of this document. Python regular expressions are used internally, so the python 're' module can be used as a guide. See http://docs.python.org/library/re.html. The syntax for the replacement string is unique. The next paragraph describes it in detail. 4.7.1 Replacement String: *UltiSnips-replacement-string* The replacement string can contain $no variables, e.g., $1, which reference matched groups in the regular expression. The $0 variable is special and yields the whole match. The replacement string can also contain special escape sequences: > \u - Uppercase next letter; \l - Lowercase next letter \U - Uppercase everything till the next \E \L - Lowercase everything till the next \E \E - End upper or lowercase started with \L or \U \n - A newline \t - A literal tab Finally, the replacement string can contain conditional replacements using the syntax (?no:text:other text). This reads as follows: if the group $no has matched, insert "text", otherwise insert "other text". "other text" is optional and if not provided defaults to the empty string, "". This feature is very powerful. It allows you to add optional text into snippets. 4.7.2 Demos: *UltiSnips-demos* Transformations are very powerful but often the syntax is convoluted. Hopefully the demos below help illustrate transformation features. Demo: Uppercase one character ------------------- SNIP ------------------- snippet title "Title transformation" ${1:a text} ${1/\w+\s*/\u$0/} endsnippet ------------------- SNAP ------------------- titlebig small -> big small Big small Demo: Uppercase one character and global replace ------------------- SNIP ------------------- snippet title "Titlelize in the Transformation" ${1:a text} ${1/\w+\s*/\u$0/g} endsnippet ------------------- SNAP ------------------- titlethis is a title -> this is a title This Is A Title Demo: Regular expression grouping This is a clever c-like printf snippet, the second tabstop is only shown when there is a format (%) character in the first tabstop. ------------------- SNIP ------------------- snippet printf printf("${1:%s}\n"${1/([^%]|%%)*(%.)?.*/(?2:, :\);)/}$2${1/([^%]|%%)*(%.)?.*/(?2:\);)/} endsnippet ------------------- SNAP ------------------- printfHello // End of line -> printf("Hello\n"); // End of line But printfA is: %sA // End of line -> printf("A is: %s\n", A); // End of line There are many more examples of what can be done with transformations in the bundled snippets. 4.8 Clearing snippets *UltiSnips-clearing-snippets* To remove snippets for the current file type, use the 'clearsnippets' directive. ------------------- SNIP ------------------- clearsnippets ------------------- SNAP ------------------- Without arguments, 'clearsnippets' removes all snippets defined up to that point far for the current file type. Just a reminder, by default UltiSnips traverses 'runtimepath' in reverse order, so 'clearsnippets' removes snippet definitions appearing in files in 'runtimepath' after the '.snippets' file in which it is encountered. To clear one or more specific snippet, provide the names of the snippets as arguments to the 'clearsnippets' command. The following example will clear the snippets 'trigger1' and 'trigger2'. ------------------- SNIP ------------------- clearsnippets trigger1 trigger2 ------------------- SNAP ------------------- UltiSnips comes with a set of default snippets for many file types. If you would rather not have some of them defined, you can use 'clearsnippets' in your personal snippets files to remove them. Note: you do not need to remove snippets if you wish to replace them. Simply use the '!' option. (See |UltiSnips-adding-snippets| for the options). ============================================================================== 5. Support for other plugins *UltiSnips-other-plugins* Ultisnips has build in support for some common plugins and there are others that are aware of UltiSnips and use it to improve the user experience. This is an incomplete list - if you want to have your plugin listed here, just sent me a pull request. Supertab - UltiSnips has build in support for Supertab. Just use a recent enough version of both plugins and will either expand a snippet or defer to Supertab for expansion. neocomplcache - Stanislav Golovanov (JazzCore) has made an integration plugin to use UltiSnips as engine inside of neocomplcache. You can find his work at https://github.com/JazzCore/neocomplcache-ultisnips. ============================================================================= 6. Helping Out *UltiSnips-helping* UltiSnips needs the help of the Vim community to keep improving. Please consider joining this effort by providing new snippets, new features or bug reports. You can contribute snippets or patches in various ways. The methods are listed below in order of convenience for me. Please be as convenient as you can be :) * Clone the repository on launchpad (bzr clone lp:ultisnips), make fixes, push the branch and send a merge request on launchpad. * Clone the repository on GitHub (git clone git@github.com:SirVer/ultisnips.git), make your changes and send a pull request on GitHub. * Make a patch, report a bug/feature request (see below) and attach the patch to it. * Send me an Email with a patch (see Contact section below). * Send me an Email with the changed files only. You can contribute by fixing or reporting bugs in our issue tracker: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ultisnips If you like this plugin, please vote for it on its Vim script page > http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=2715 It is life changing for me. Maybe it is for you too. ============================================================================= 7. Contact *UltiSnips-contact* You can reach me at SirVer -AT- gmx -ADOT- de. You can also contact me through the UltiSnips launchpad project page at https://launchpad.net/ultisnips/. The launchpad project has an 'Answers' page where you can ask me questions and a bug tracker where you can report bugs and issues. This project aims to be the one-for-all solution for Snippets for Vim. If you miss a feature or find a bug, please contact me or file a support ticket. ============================================================================= 8. Contributors *UltiSnips-contributors* The primary developer of UltiSnips is SirVer (Holger Rapp). The following individuals have contributed code and snippets to UltiSnips. 8.1 Patches & Coding *UltiSnips-contricoding* -------------------- Contributors listed in chronological order: JCEB - Jan Christoph Ebersbach Michael Henry Chris Chambers Ryan Wooden rupa - Rupa Deadwyler Timo Schmiade blueyed - Daniel Hahler expelledboy - Anthony Jackson allait - Alexey Bezhan peacech - Charles Gunawan guns - Sung Pae shlomif - Shlomi Fish pberndt - Phillip Berndt thanatermesis-elive - Thanatermesis rico-ambiescent - Rico Sta. Cruz Cody Frazer suy - Alejandro Exojo grota - Giuseppe Rota iiijjjii - Jim Karsten fgalassi - Federico Galassi lucapette Psycojoker - Laurent Peuch aschrab - Aaron Schrab stardiviner - NagatoPain skeept - Jorge Rodrigues buztard stephenmckinney - Steve McKinney Pedro Algarvio - s0undt3ch Eric Van Dewoestine - ervandew Matt Patterson - fidothe Mike Morearty - mmorearty Stanislav Golovanov - JazzCore David Briscoe - DavidBriscoe Keith Welch - paralogiki 8.2 Snippets *UltiSnips-contrisnippets* ------------ Contributors listed in chronological order: Alec Thomas Ryan Wooden Ches Martin Gordin (g0rdin) Jan Mollowitz (phux) Georgi Valkov (gvalkov) Miek Gieben (miek) Aldis Berjoza (graudeejs) Jorge Rodrigues (skeept) Martin Grenfell (scrooloose) Laughedelic Anthony Wilson (anthonywilson) Nick Anderson (nickanderson) Timothy Mellor (mellort) Chris Lasher (gotgenes) Chen Houwu (chenhouwu) Harry Zhxu (harryzhxu) Pavel Puchkin (neoascetic) Jacek Wysocki (exu) Alexander Kondratskiy (KholdStare) Martin Krauskopf (martin-krauskopf) Theocrite (theocrite) Ferdinand Majerech (kiith-sa) Vivien Didelot Øystein Walle (osse) Pedro Algarvio (s0undt3ch) Steven Humphrey (shumphrey) Björn Winckler (b4winckler) David Brown (Nali4Freedom) Harry Xu (harryxu) Tom Cammann (takac) Paolo Cretaro (melko) Sergey Alexandrov (taketwo) Jaromír Hradílek (jhradilek) Vangelis Tsoumenis (kioopi) Rudi Grinberg (rgrinberg) javipolo Thank you for your support. vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: