316 lines
7.8 KiB
Groff
316 lines
7.8 KiB
Groff
i3(1)
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=====
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Michael Stapelberg <michael+i3@stapelberg.de>
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v3.epsilon, March 2010
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== NAME
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i3 - an improved dynamic, tiling window manager
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== SYNOPSIS
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i3 [-a] [-c configfile] [-C] [-d <loglevel>] [-v] [-V]
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== OPTIONS
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-a::
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Disables autostart.
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-c::
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Specifies an alternate configuration file path.
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-C::
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Check the configuration file for validity and exit.
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-d::
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Specifies the debug loglevel. To see the most output, use -d all.
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-v::
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Display version number (and date of the last commit).
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-V::
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Be verbose.
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== DESCRIPTION
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=== INTRODUCTION
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i3 was created because wmii, our favorite window manager at the time, didn’t
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provide some features we wanted (multi-monitor done right, for example), had
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some bugs, didn’t progress since quite some time and wasn’t easy to hack at all
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(source code comments/documentation completely lacking). Still, we think the
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wmii developers and contributors did a great job. Thank you for inspiring us to
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create i3.
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Please be aware that i3 is primarily targeted at advanced users and developers.
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=== IMPORTANT NOTE TO nVidia BINARY DRIVER USERS
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If you are using the nVidia binary graphics driver (also known as 'blob')
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you need to use the +--force-xinerama+ flag (in your .xsession) when starting
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i3, like so:
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----------------------------------------------
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exec i3 --force-xinerama -V >>~/.i3/i3log 2>&1
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----------------------------------------------
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See also docs/multi-monitor for the full explanation.
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=== TERMINOLOGY
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Client::
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A client is X11-speak for a window.
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Table::
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Your workspace is managed using a table. You can move windows around and create
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new columns (move a client to the right) or rows (move it to the bottom)
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implicitly.
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+
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By "snapping" a client in a specific direction, you increase its colspan/rowspan.
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Container::
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A container contains a variable number of clients. Each cell of the table is a
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container.
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+
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Containers can be used in various modes. The default mode is called "default"
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and just resizes each client equally so that it fits.
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Workspace::
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A workspace is a set of clients (technically speaking, it’s just a table).
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Other window managers call this "Virtual Desktops".
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+
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In i3, each workspace is assigned to a specific virtual screen. By default,
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screen 1 has workspace 1, screen 2 has workspace 2 and so on… However, when you
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create a new workspace (by simply switching to it), it’ll be assigned the
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screen you are currently on.
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Output::
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Using XRandR, you can have an X11 screen spanning multiple real monitors.
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Furthermore, you can set them up in cloning mode or with positions (monitor 1
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is left of monitor 2).
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+
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i3 uses the RandR API to query which outputs are available and which screens
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are connected to these outputs.
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== KEYBINDINGS
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Here is a short overview of the default keybindings:
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j/k/l/;::
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Direction keys (left, down, up, right). They are on your homerow (see the mark
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on your "j" key). Alternatively, you can use the cursor keys.
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Mod1+<direction>::
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Focus window in <direction>.
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Mod3+<direction>::
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Focus container in <direction>.
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Mod1+Shift+<direction>::
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Move window to <direction>.
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Mod3+Shift+<direction>::
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Move container to <direction>.
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Mod1+Control+<direction>::
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Snap container to <direction>.
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Mod1+<number>::
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Switch to workspace <number>.
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Mod1+Shift+<number>::
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Move window to workspace <number>.
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Mod1+f::
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Toggle fullscreen mode.
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Mod1+h::
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Enable stacking layout for the current container.
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Mod1+e::
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Enable default layout for the current container.
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Mod1+Shift+Space::
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Toggle tiling/floating for the current window.
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Mod1+t::
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Select the first tiling window if the current window is floating and vice-versa.
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Mod1+Shift+q::
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Kills the current window. This is equivalent to "clicking on the close button",
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meaning a polite request to the application to close this window. For example,
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Firefox will save its session upon such a request. If the application does not
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support that, the window will be killed and it depends on the application what
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happens.
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Mod1+Shift+r::
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Restarts i3 in place (without losing any windows, but at this time, the layout
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and placement of windows is not retained).
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Mod1+Shift+e::
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Exits i3.
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== FILES
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=== \~/.i3/config (or ~/.config/i3/config)
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When starting, i3 looks for configuration files in the following order:
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1. ~/.i3/config
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2. ~/.config/i3/config (or $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/i3/config if set)
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3. /etc/i3/config
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4. /etc/xdg/i3/config (or $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS/i3/config if set)
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You can specify a custom path using the -c option.
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.Sample configuration
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-------------------------------------------------------------
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font -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--13-120-75-75-C-70-iso10646-1
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# Start terminal (Mod1+Enter)
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bind Mod1+36 exec /usr/bin/urxvt
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# Start dmenu (Mod1+v)
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bind Mod1+55 exec /usr/bin/dmenu_run
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# Kill current client (Mod1+Shift+q)
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bind Mod1+Shift+24 kill
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# Beamer on/off
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bind Mod1+73 exec /home/michael/toggle_beamer.sh
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# Screen locking
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bind Mod1+68 exec /usr/bin/i3lock
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# Restart i3 inplace (Mod1+Shift+r)
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bind Mod1+Shift+27 restart
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# Exit i3 (Mod1+Shift+e)
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bind Mod1+Shift+26 exit
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# Brightness
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bind Mod1+97 exec sudo sh -c "echo up > /proc/acpi/ibm/brightness"
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bind Mod1+103 exec sudo sh -c "echo down > /proc/acpi/ibm/brightness"
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# Fullscreen (Mod1+f)
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bind Mod1+41 f
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# Stacking (Mod1+h)
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bind Mod1+43 s
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# Default (Mod1+e)
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bind Mod1+26 d
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# Toggle tiling/floating of the current window (Mod1+Shift+Space)
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bind Mod1+Shift+65 t
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# Go into the tiling layer / floating layer, depending on whether
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# the current window is tiling / floating (Mod1+t)
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bind Mod1+28 focus ft
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# Focus (Mod1+j/k/l/;)
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bind Mod1+44 h
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bind Mod1+45 j
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bind Mod1+46 k
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bind Mod1+47 l
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# Focus Container (Mod3+j/k/l/;)
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bind Mod3+44 wch
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bind Mod3+45 wcj
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bind Mod3+46 wck
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bind Mod3+47 wcl
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# Snap (Mod1+Control+j/k/l/;)
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bind Mod1+Control+44 sh
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bind Mod1+Control+45 sj
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bind Mod1+Control+46 sk
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bind Mod1+Control+47 sl
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# Move (Mod1+Shift+j/k/l/;)
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bind Mod1+Shift+44 mh
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bind Mod1+Shift+45 mj
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bind Mod1+Shift+46 mk
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bind Mod1+Shift+47 ml
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# Move Container (Mod3+Shift+j/k/l/;)
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bind Mod3+Shift+44 wcmh
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bind Mod3+Shift+45 wcmj
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bind Mod3+Shift+46 wcmk
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bind Mod3+Shift+47 wcml
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# Workspaces
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bind Mod1+10 1
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bind Mod1+11 2
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...
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# Move to Workspace
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bind Mod1+Shift+10 1
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bind Mod1+Shift+11 2
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...
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-------------------------------------------------------------
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=== ~/.xsession
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This file is where you should configure your locales and start i3. It is run by
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your login manager (xdm, slim, gdm, …) as soon as you login.
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.Sample xsession
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-------------------------------------------------------------
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# Disable DPMS turning off the screen
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xset dpms force on
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xset s off
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# Disable bell
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xset -b
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# Enable zapping (C-A-<Bksp> kills X)
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setxkbmap -option terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp
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# Enforce correct locales from the beginning
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unset LC_COLLATE
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export LC_CTYPE=de_DE.UTF-8
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export LC_TIME=de_DE.UTF-8
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export LC_NUMERIC=de_DE.UTF-8
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export LC_MONETARY=de_DE.UTF-8
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export LC_MESSAGES=C
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export LC_PAPER=de_DE.UTF-8
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export LC_NAME=de_DE.UTF-8
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export LC_ADDRESS=de_DE.UTF-8
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export LC_TELEPHONE=de_DE.UTF-8
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export LC_MEASUREMENT=de_DE.UTF-8
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export LC_IDENTIFICATION=de_DE.UTF-8
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# Use XToolkit in java applications
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export AWT_TOOLKIT=XToolkit
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# Set background color
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xsetroot -solid "#333333"
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# Enable core dumps in case something goes wrong
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ulimit -c unlimited
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# Start i3 and log to ~/.i3/logfile
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echo "Starting at $(date)" >> ~/.i3/logfile
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exec /usr/bin/i3 -V -d all >> ~/.i3/logfile
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-------------------------------------------------------------
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== TODO
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There is still lot of work to do. Please check our bugtracker for up-to-date
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information about tasks which are still not finished.
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== SEE ALSO
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You should have a copy of the userguide (featuring nice screenshots/graphics
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which is why this is not integrated into this manpage), the debugging guide,
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and the "how to hack" guide. If you are building from source, run:
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+make -C docs+
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You can also access these documents online at http://i3.zekjur.net/
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i3-input(1), i3-msg(1), i3-wsbar(1)
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== AUTHOR
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Michael Stapelberg and contributors
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