/* * vim:ts=8:expandtab * * i3 - an improved dynamic tiling window manager * * © 2009 Michael Stapelberg and contributors * * See file LICENSE for license information. * * util.c: Utility functions, which can be useful everywhere. * */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #if defined(__OpenBSD__) #include #endif #include #include "i3.h" #include "data.h" #include "table.h" #include "layout.h" #include "util.h" #include "xcb.h" #include "client.h" #include "log.h" #include "ewmh.h" #include "manage.h" #include "workspace.h" static iconv_t conversion_descriptor = 0; struct keyvalue_table_head by_parent = TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(by_parent); struct keyvalue_table_head by_child = TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(by_child); int min(int a, int b) { return (a < b ? a : b); } int max(int a, int b) { return (a > b ? a : b); } /* * Updates *destination with new_value and returns true if it was changed or false * if it was the same * */ bool update_if_necessary(uint32_t *destination, const uint32_t new_value) { uint32_t old_value = *destination; return ((*destination = new_value) != old_value); } /* * The s* functions (safe) are wrappers around malloc, strdup, …, which exits if one of * the called functions returns NULL, meaning that there is no more memory available * */ void *smalloc(size_t size) { void *result = malloc(size); exit_if_null(result, "Error: out of memory (malloc(%zd))\n", size); return result; } void *scalloc(size_t size) { void *result = calloc(size, 1); exit_if_null(result, "Error: out of memory (calloc(%zd))\n", size); return result; } char *sstrdup(const char *str) { char *result = strdup(str); exit_if_null(result, "Error: out of memory (strdup())\n"); return result; } /* * The table_* functions emulate the behaviour of libxcb-wm, which in libxcb 0.3.4 suddenly * vanished. Great. * */ bool table_put(struct keyvalue_table_head *head, uint32_t key, void *value) { struct keyvalue_element *element = scalloc(sizeof(struct keyvalue_element)); element->key = key; element->value = value; TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(head, element, elements); return true; } void *table_remove(struct keyvalue_table_head *head, uint32_t key) { struct keyvalue_element *element; TAILQ_FOREACH(element, head, elements) if (element->key == key) { void *value = element->value; TAILQ_REMOVE(head, element, elements); free(element); return value; } return NULL; } void *table_get(struct keyvalue_table_head *head, uint32_t key) { struct keyvalue_element *element; TAILQ_FOREACH(element, head, elements) if (element->key == key) return element->value; return NULL; } /* * Starts the given application by passing it through a shell. We use double fork * to avoid zombie processes. As the started application’s parent exits (immediately), * the application is reparented to init (process-id 1), which correctly handles * childs, so we don’t have to do it :-). * * The shell is determined by looking for the SHELL environment variable. If it * does not exist, /bin/sh is used. * */ void start_application(const char *command) { if (fork() == 0) { /* Child process */ if (fork() == 0) { /* Stores the path of the shell */ static const char *shell = NULL; if (shell == NULL) if ((shell = getenv("SHELL")) == NULL) shell = "/bin/sh"; /* This is the child */ execl(shell, shell, "-c", command, (void*)NULL); /* not reached */ } exit(0); } wait(0); } /* * Checks a generic cookie for errors and quits with the given message if there * was an error. * */ void check_error(xcb_connection_t *conn, xcb_void_cookie_t cookie, char *err_message) { xcb_generic_error_t *error = xcb_request_check(conn, cookie); if (error != NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: %s (X error %d)\n", err_message , error->error_code); xcb_disconnect(conn); exit(-1); } } /* * Converts the given string to UCS-2 big endian for use with * xcb_image_text_16(). The amount of real glyphs is stored in real_strlen, * a buffer containing the UCS-2 encoded string (16 bit per glyph) is * returned. It has to be freed when done. * */ char *convert_utf8_to_ucs2(char *input, int *real_strlen) { size_t input_size = strlen(input) + 1; /* UCS-2 consumes exactly two bytes for each glyph */ int buffer_size = input_size * 2; char *buffer = smalloc(buffer_size); size_t output_size = buffer_size; /* We need to use an additional pointer, because iconv() modifies it */ char *output = buffer; /* We convert the input into UCS-2 big endian */ if (conversion_descriptor == 0) { conversion_descriptor = iconv_open("UCS-2BE", "UTF-8"); if (conversion_descriptor == 0) { fprintf(stderr, "error opening the conversion context\n"); exit(1); } } /* Get the conversion descriptor back to original state */ iconv(conversion_descriptor, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL); /* Convert our text */ int rc = iconv(conversion_descriptor, (void*)&input, &input_size, &output, &output_size); if (rc == (size_t)-1) { perror("Converting to UCS-2 failed"); if (real_strlen != NULL) *real_strlen = 0; return NULL; } if (real_strlen != NULL) *real_strlen = ((buffer_size - output_size) / 2) - 1; return buffer; } /* * Returns the client which comes next in focus stack (= was selected before) for * the given container, optionally excluding the given client. * */ Client *get_last_focused_client(xcb_connection_t *conn, Container *container, Client *exclude) { Client *current; SLIST_FOREACH(current, &(container->workspace->focus_stack), focus_clients) if ((current->container == container) && ((exclude == NULL) || (current != exclude))) return current; return NULL; } /* * Sets the given client as focused by updating the data structures correctly, * updating the X input focus and finally re-decorating both windows (to signalize * the user the new focus situation) * */ void set_focus(xcb_connection_t *conn, Client *client, bool set_anyways) { /* The dock window cannot be focused, but enter notifies are still handled correctly */ if (client->dock) return; /* Store the old client */ Client *old_client = SLIST_FIRST(&(c_ws->focus_stack)); /* Check if the focus needs to be changed at all */ if (!set_anyways && (old_client == client)) return; /* Store current_row/current_col */ c_ws->current_row = current_row; c_ws->current_col = current_col; c_ws = client->workspace; ewmh_update_current_desktop(); /* Load current_col/current_row if we switch to a client without a container */ current_col = c_ws->current_col; current_row = c_ws->current_row; /* Update container */ if (client->container != NULL) { client->container->currently_focused = client; current_col = client->container->col; current_row = client->container->row; } CLIENT_LOG(client); /* Set focus to the entered window, and flush xcb buffer immediately */ xcb_set_input_focus(conn, XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT, client->child, XCB_CURRENT_TIME); ewmh_update_active_window(client->child); //xcb_warp_pointer(conn, XCB_NONE, client->child, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10, 10); if (client->container != NULL) { /* Get the client which was last focused in this particular container, it may be a different one than old_client */ Client *last_focused = get_last_focused_client(conn, client->container, NULL); /* In stacking containers, raise the client in respect to the one which was focused before */ if ((client->container->mode == MODE_STACK || client->container->mode == MODE_TABBED) && client->container->workspace->fullscreen_client == NULL) { /* We need to get the client again, this time excluding the current client, because * we might have just gone into stacking mode and need to raise */ Client *last_focused = get_last_focused_client(conn, client->container, client); if (last_focused != NULL) { DLOG("raising above frame %p / child %p\n", last_focused->frame, last_focused->child); uint32_t values[] = { last_focused->frame, XCB_STACK_MODE_ABOVE }; xcb_configure_window(conn, client->frame, XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_SIBLING | XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_STACK_MODE, values); } } /* If it is the same one as old_client, we save us the unnecessary redecorate */ if ((last_focused != NULL) && (last_focused != old_client)) redecorate_window(conn, last_focused); } /* If the last client was a floating client, we need to go to the next * tiling client in stack and re-decorate it. */ if (old_client != NULL && client_is_floating(old_client)) { DLOG("Coming from floating client, searching next tiling...\n"); Client *current; SLIST_FOREACH(current, &(client->workspace->focus_stack), focus_clients) { if (client_is_floating(current)) continue; DLOG("Found window: %p / child %p\n", current->frame, current->child); redecorate_window(conn, current); break; } } SLIST_REMOVE(&(client->workspace->focus_stack), client, Client, focus_clients); SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&(client->workspace->focus_stack), client, focus_clients); /* Clear the urgency flag if set (necessary when i3 sets the flag, for * example when automatically putting windows on the workspace of their * leader) */ client->urgent = false; workspace_update_urgent_flag(client->workspace); /* If we’re in stacking mode, this renders the container to update changes in the title bars and to raise the focused client */ if ((old_client != NULL) && (old_client != client) && !old_client->dock) redecorate_window(conn, old_client); /* redecorate_window flushes, so we don’t need to */ redecorate_window(conn, client); } /* * Called when the user switches to another mode or when the container is * destroyed and thus needs to be cleaned up. * */ void leave_stack_mode(xcb_connection_t *conn, Container *container) { /* When going out of stacking mode, we need to close the window */ struct Stack_Window *stack_win = &(container->stack_win); SLIST_REMOVE(&stack_wins, stack_win, Stack_Window, stack_windows); xcb_free_gc(conn, stack_win->pixmap.gc); xcb_free_pixmap(conn, stack_win->pixmap.id); xcb_destroy_window(conn, stack_win->window); stack_win->rect.width = -1; stack_win->rect.height = -1; } /* * Switches the layout of the given container taking care of the necessary house-keeping * */ void switch_layout_mode(xcb_connection_t *conn, Container *container, int mode) { if (mode == MODE_STACK || mode == MODE_TABBED) { /* When we’re already in stacking mode, nothing has to be done */ if ((mode == MODE_STACK && container->mode == MODE_STACK) || (mode == MODE_TABBED && container->mode == MODE_TABBED)) return; if (container->mode == MODE_STACK || container->mode == MODE_TABBED) goto after_stackwin; /* When entering stacking mode, we need to open a window on * which we can draw the title bars of the clients, it has * height 1 because we don’t bother here with calculating the * correct height - it will be adjusted when rendering anyways. * Also, we need to use max(width, 1) because windows cannot * be created with either width == 0 or height == 0. */ Rect rect = {container->x, container->y, max(container->width, 1), 1}; uint32_t mask = 0; uint32_t values[2]; /* Don’t generate events for our new window, it should *not* be managed */ mask |= XCB_CW_OVERRIDE_REDIRECT; values[0] = 1; /* We want to know when… */ mask |= XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK; values[1] = XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW | /* …mouse is moved into our window */ XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_PRESS | /* …mouse is pressed */ XCB_EVENT_MASK_EXPOSURE; /* …our window needs to be redrawn */ struct Stack_Window *stack_win = &(container->stack_win); stack_win->window = create_window(conn, rect, XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_OUTPUT, XCB_CURSOR_LEFT_PTR, false, mask, values); stack_win->rect.height = 0; /* Initialize the entry for our cached pixmap. It will be * created as soon as it’s needed (see cached_pixmap_prepare). */ memset(&(stack_win->pixmap), 0, sizeof(struct Cached_Pixmap)); stack_win->pixmap.referred_rect = &stack_win->rect; stack_win->pixmap.referred_drawable = stack_win->window; stack_win->container = container; SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&stack_wins, stack_win, stack_windows); } else { if (container->mode == MODE_STACK || container->mode == MODE_TABBED) leave_stack_mode(conn, container); } after_stackwin: container->mode = mode; /* Force reconfiguration of each client */ Client *client; CIRCLEQ_FOREACH(client, &(container->clients), clients) client->force_reconfigure = true; render_layout(conn); if (container->currently_focused != NULL) { /* We need to make sure that this client is above *each* of the * other clients in this container */ Client *last_focused = get_last_focused_client(conn, container, container->currently_focused); CIRCLEQ_FOREACH(client, &(container->clients), clients) { if (client == container->currently_focused || client == last_focused) continue; DLOG("setting %08x below %08x / %08x\n", client->frame, container->currently_focused->frame); uint32_t values[] = { container->currently_focused->frame, XCB_STACK_MODE_BELOW }; xcb_configure_window(conn, client->frame, XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_SIBLING | XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_STACK_MODE, values); } if (last_focused != NULL) { DLOG("Putting last_focused directly underneath the currently focused\n"); uint32_t values[] = { container->currently_focused->frame, XCB_STACK_MODE_BELOW }; xcb_configure_window(conn, last_focused->frame, XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_SIBLING | XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_STACK_MODE, values); } set_focus(conn, container->currently_focused, true); } } /* * Gets the first matching client for the given window class/window title. * If the paramater specific is set to a specific client, only this one * will be checked. * */ Client *get_matching_client(xcb_connection_t *conn, const char *window_classtitle, Client *specific) { char *to_class, *to_title, *to_title_ucs = NULL; int to_title_ucs_len = 0; Client *matching = NULL; to_class = sstrdup(window_classtitle); /* If a title was specified, split both strings at the slash */ if ((to_title = strstr(to_class, "/")) != NULL) { *(to_title++) = '\0'; /* Convert to UCS-2 */ to_title_ucs = convert_utf8_to_ucs2(to_title, &to_title_ucs_len); } /* If we were given a specific client we only check if that one matches */ if (specific != NULL) { if (client_matches_class_name(specific, to_class, to_title, to_title_ucs, to_title_ucs_len)) matching = specific; goto done; } DLOG("Getting clients for class \"%s\" / title \"%s\"\n", to_class, to_title); Workspace *ws; TAILQ_FOREACH(ws, workspaces, workspaces) { if (ws->output == NULL) continue; Client *client; SLIST_FOREACH(client, &(ws->focus_stack), focus_clients) { DLOG("Checking client with class=%s / %s, name=%s\n", client->window_class_instance, client->window_class_class, client->name); if (!client_matches_class_name(client, to_class, to_title, to_title_ucs, to_title_ucs_len)) continue; matching = client; goto done; } } done: free(to_class); FREE(to_title_ucs); return matching; } /* * Goes through the list of arguments (for exec()) and checks if the given argument * is present. If not, it copies the arguments (because we cannot realloc it) and * appends the given argument. * */ static char **append_argument(char **original, char *argument) { int num_args; for (num_args = 0; original[num_args] != NULL; num_args++) { DLOG("original argument: \"%s\"\n", original[num_args]); /* If the argument is already present we return the original pointer */ if (strcmp(original[num_args], argument) == 0) return original; } /* Copy the original array */ char **result = smalloc((num_args+2) * sizeof(char*)); memcpy(result, original, num_args * sizeof(char*)); result[num_args] = argument; result[num_args+1] = NULL; return result; } /* * Restart i3 in-place * appends -a to argument list to disable autostart * */ void i3_restart() { restore_geometry(global_conn); LOG("restarting \"%s\"...\n", start_argv[0]); /* make sure -a is in the argument list or append it */ start_argv = append_argument(start_argv, "-a"); execvp(start_argv[0], start_argv); /* not reached */ } #if defined(__OpenBSD__) /* * Taken from FreeBSD * Find the first occurrence of the byte string s in byte string l. * */ void *memmem(const void *l, size_t l_len, const void *s, size_t s_len) { register char *cur, *last; const char *cl = (const char *)l; const char *cs = (const char *)s; /* we need something to compare */ if (l_len == 0 || s_len == 0) return NULL; /* "s" must be smaller or equal to "l" */ if (l_len < s_len) return NULL; /* special case where s_len == 1 */ if (s_len == 1) return memchr(l, (int)*cs, l_len); /* the last position where its possible to find "s" in "l" */ last = (char *)cl + l_len - s_len; for (cur = (char *)cl; cur <= last; cur++) if (cur[0] == cs[0] && memcmp(cur, cs, s_len) == 0) return cur; return NULL; } #endif